A Noun is a word that names a person, a place, or a thing.
(जो शब्द किसी वस्तु, स्थान, भाव, अथवा मनुष्य के नाम का बोध कराएं उसे संज्ञा (Noun) कहते हैं।)
Examples: Sarah, lady, cat, New York, Canada, room, school, football, reading.
Some more examples:
(1). People like to go to the beach.
(2). Sheena passed the test.
The word “noun” comes from the Latin word nomen which means “name,” and nouns are indeed how we name people, places and things.
Types of Nouns:
(1). Proper noun:
A proper noun is a special word (or name) that we use for a person, place or organisation, Like- Ravi, Anita, Lucknow, India or Sony.
(2). Common Noun:
A common noun begins with a lowercase letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence. As it refers to a common name.
(जिनसे एक जाति के सब पदार्थों का एक साथ समान रूप से बोध हो, उसे जातिवाचक संज्ञा(Common Noun) कहते हैं।
जैसे- बालक, स्कूल, नगर,पर्वत, घर, फूल, पहाड़,नदी आदि)
For e.g- man, girl, boy, mother, father, child, person, teacher, student.
Animals: cat, dog, fish, ant, snake
Things: book, table, chair, phone
Places: school, city, building, shop
(3) The Collective Nouns:
The collective noun is a special word that shows a collection of common nouns.
(जिस संज्ञा से किसी वस्तु के समूह का बोध होता है, उसे समूहवाचक संज्ञा (collective noun) कहते हैं।
जैसे- सेना, सभा, गुच्छा, समिति, वर्ग,दल, मेला)
For examples:
army, audience, board, cabinet, class, committee, company, class, corporation, council, department, faculty, family, firm, group, jury, majority, minority, navy, public, school, senate, society, team, troupe.
(4) Abstract Noun:
An abstract noun is a noun that you can not sense, it is the name we give to emotion or idea. They have no physical existence, you can’t see, hear, touch, smell or taste them.
(जिस संज्ञा से किसी वस्तु के गुण, धर्म, अवस्था, आदि का बोध हो उसे भाववाचक संज्ञा (abstract noun) कहते हैं।
जैसे- बुढ़ापा, मिठास, शीतलता, प्रसन्नता)
For example:
Justice, an idea, bravery, and happiness are all abstract nouns
(5). Material Noun:
It is the name of a material or a substance or an ingredient of an alloy.
(जिस संज्ञा से किसी द्रव्य का बोध होता है, या नापी तोली जाने वाली वस्तुएं उसे द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा(material noun) कहते हैं।
जैसे- तेल, कपड़ा, अनाज, आदि)
Material nouns may be placed in groups as follows:
(1). The metals: iron, gold, platinum etc.
(2). Product spoke of in bulk: tea, sugar, rice, wheat, etc.
(3). Geological bodies: mud, sand, granite, rock, stone, etc.
(4). Natural phenomena: rain, dew, cloud, frost, mist, etc.
(5). Various manufacturers: cloth, potash, soap, rubber, paint, celluloid, etc.
For example:
(1). This dress is made of silk.
(2). This is a shop for diamonds.
(6) Countable Nouns:
It is a noun that indicates something that you actually count.
For example: you can counts cows: one cow, two cows and so on.
However, you can’t count water: one water, two water.
A countable noun has both a singular and plural form, and it can be used with the infinite articles(a/an).
Example: Window, teacher, tree, lion, eye, cloud, pencil, heart.
(7) Uncountable Nouns:
It indicates something you can’t count.
Water is an uncountable noun.
For example: Furniture, advice, mail, news, equipment, luggage, work, coffee.
(8) Singular And Plural Noun:
Nouns may be singular referring to one, or plural, referring to more than one.
Most nouns change their form by adding “s” when they are written in the plural.
Singular Noun Definition:
When a noun means one only, it is said to be singular.
Example: boy, girl, book, church, box
Plural Noun Definition:
When a noun means more than one, it is said to be plural.
Example: boys, girls, books, churches.
Irregular Plurals:
(1) man, men (2) woman, women (3) tooth, teeth (4) goose, geese (5) child, children
The Following Nouns have no singular:
Scissors, oats, mumps, trouser, measles.
Some nouns are always singular in form.
Gold, Silver, Wheat, Corn, Molasses, Copper, Sugar, Cotton, Cattle, Sheep.
(9) Possessive Nouns:
A common and proper noun can sometimes be further classified as a possessive noun.
A possessive noun shows ownership, belonging, or that something is part of something else.
Easy way to find in a sentence because they always include an apostrophe (‘).
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